p0  = output start time (seconds)
   p1  = total duration (seconds)
   p2  = amplitude (absolute, for 16-bit soundfiles: 0-32768)
   p3  = oscillator waveform table
   p4  = grain envelope table
   p5  = grain hop time (seconds, time between successive grains)
   p6  = grain output time jitter (seconds)
   p7  = grain duration minimum (seconds)
   p8  = grain duration maximum (seconds)
   p9  = grain amplitude multiplier minimum (relative multiplier of p2)
   p10 = grain amplitude multiplier maximum (relative multiplier of p2)
   p11 = grain pitch (linear octaves)
   p12 = grain transposition collection (oct.pc) [optional; default no transpositions applied]
   p13 = grain pitch jitter (linear octaves or oct.pc (if p12 used)) [optional; default no pitch jitter applied]
   p14 = random seed (integer) [optional; if missing, uses system clock]
   p15 = grain pan minimum (0-1 stereo; 0.5 is middle) [optional; default 0.0]
   p16 = grain pan maximum (0-1 stereo; 0.5 is middle) [optional; default 1.0]


   p2 (amplitude), p5 (grain hop), p6 (output time jitter), p7 (minium grain duration),
   p8 (maximum grain duration), p9 (minimum grain amplitude), p10 (maximum grain amplitude),
   p11 (pitch), p13 (pitch jitter), p15 (grain pan minimum) and p16 (grain pan maximum)
   can receive dynamic updates from a table or real-time control source.

   p3 (wavetable), p4 (grain envelope) and p12 (if used), should be references to pfield table-handles.

   Author:  John Gibson, 2/8/05

• p3 ("WAVETABLE") is the oscillator waveform to use in each grain.

• p4 ("GRAINENV") is a pfield-handle reference to a table with the envelope to be applied for each grain. NOTE: You will probably need to set the reset control-rate value (see the reset scorefile command) fairly high for small grains.

• p5 ("GRAINHOP") is the time between successive grains. This is the inverse of grain density (grains per second); you can use makefilter(..., "invert") to convert a table or real-time control source from density to hop time.

• p6 ("OUTTIMEJITTER") sets the maximum randomly determined amount to add or subtract from the output start time for a grain, which is controlled by p5.

• p7 ("MINDUR") and p8 ("MAXDUR") set the bounds for a randomly-determined length of each grain.

• p9 ("MINAMP") and p10 ("MAXAMP") set the bounds for a randomly-determined amplitude multiplier of each grain. The overall synthesis amplitude is set by p2.

• p11 ("PITCH") sets the base pitch of each grain, expressed in linear octaves (see the pitch converter page for more information).

• p12 ("TRANSPTABLE"), if specified, contains a list of transpositions (in oct.pc) from which to select randomly. The values from the table are used to transpose p11. The default is 0, meaning all grains will have a base pitch of p11, subject to the PITCHJITTER set by p12. This table cannot be updated dynamically.

• p13 ("PITCHJITTER") sets the maximum randomly determined amount to add or subtract from the current pitch (in linear octaves). If the p12 ("TRANSPTABLE" collection) is active, then PITCHJITTER controls how much of the collection to choose from. In this case, PITCHJITTER is an oct.pc value. For example, if the collection is [0.00, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07], then a PITCHJITTER value of 0.05 will cause only the first 3 transpositions to be chosen, whereas a PITCHJITTER value of 0.07 would cause all 4 to be chosen.

• p15 ("MINPAN") and p16 ("MAXPAN") set the bounds for a randomly-determined pan amount (0-1 stereo; 0.5 is middle) for each synthesized grain.

GRANSYNTH can produce either stereo or mono output.



Sample Scores

very basic:

   rtsetparams(44100, 2, 128)
   load("GRANSYNTH")
   
   dur = 30
   
   amp = maketable("line", 1000, 0,0, 1,1, 2,0.5, 3,1, 4,0)
   wave = maketable("wave", 2000, 1, .5, .3, .2, .1)
   granenv = maketable("window", 2000, "hanning")
   hoptime = maketable("line", "nonorm", 1000, 0,0.01, 1,0.002, 2,0.05)
   hopjitter = 0.0001
   mindur = .04
   maxdur = .06
   minamp = maxamp = 1
   pitch = maketable("line", "nonorm", 1000, 0,6, 1,9)
   transpcoll = maketable("literal", "nonorm", 0, 0, .02, .03, .05, .07, .10)
   pitchjitter = 1
   
   st = 0
   GRANSYNTH(st, dur, amp*7000, wave, granenv, hoptime, hopjitter,
      mindur, maxdur, minamp, maxamp, pitch, transpcoll, pitchjitter, 14, 0, 0)
   
   st = st+0.14
   pitch = pitch+0.002
   GRANSYNTH(st, dur, amp*7000, wave, granenv, hoptime, hopjitter,
      mindur, maxdur, minamp, maxamp, pitch, transpcoll, pitchjitter, 21, 1, 1)

   rtsetparams(44100, 2, 128)
   load("GRANSYNTH")
   
   dur = 60
   
   amp = makeconnection("mouse", "y", 50, 70, 10, 60, "amp", "dB")
   amp = makeconverter(amp, "ampdb")
   
   wavetab = maketable("wave", 2000, 1, .5, .3, .2, .1)
   
   envtab = maketable("window", 2000, "hanning")
   
   outjitter = 0.0001
   
   density = makeconnection("mouse", "x", 1, 500, 1, 10, "density")
   hoptime = 1.0 / density
   
   mindur = .05
   maxdur = mindur
   minamp = maxamp = 1
   
   pitch = makeconnection("mouse", "y", 6, 8, 6, 10, "pitch", "linoct")
   
   transpcoll = maketable("literal", "nonorm", 0, 0, .02, .03, .05, .07, .10)
   pitchjitter = 1
   
   seed = 1
   
   st = 0
   GRANSYNTH(st, dur, amp, wavetab, envtab, hoptime, outjitter,
      mindur, maxdur, minamp, maxamp, pitch, transpcoll, pitchjitter, seed, 0, 0)
   
   st += 0.01
   seed += 1
   pitch = pitch + 0.002
   GRANSYNTH(st, dur, amp, wavetab, envtab, hoptime, outjitter,
      mindur, maxdur, minamp, maxamp, pitch, transpcoll, pitchjitter, seed, 1, 1)